Q 9.1 1. Conclusion: Something about staying in that ward is the cause of the prolonged illness. Method of agreement. Strong. 2. Conclusion: “Research suggests that eating lots of fruits and vegetables may provide some protection against several types of cancer.” Correlation. The argument is strong. The conclusion is a limited claim (“may provide some protection . . .”), which the stated correlation could easily support. 3. Conclusion: An experimental vaccine prevented women from becoming persistently infected with a [type of human papilloma virus called HPV-16] that is associated with half of all cervical cancers. Joint method of agreement and difference. Strong. 9.2 1. Misidentifying or overlooking relevant factors 2. Misidentifying or overlooking relevant factors; confusing cause and effect 3. Misidentifying or overlooking relevant factors 9.3 1. Necessary condition 2. Neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition 3. Necessary condition 4. Sufficient condition 5. Sufficient condition 6. Sufficient condition 7. Neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition 8. Neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition 9. Necessary condition 10. Neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition